Injection of solid material into molten metal



INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 17, 1964 R. K. MATUSCHKOVITZ INJECTION OF SOLID MATERIAL INTO MOLTEN METAL Filed April ll, 1963 III! FIGI

1964 R. K. MATUSCHKOVITZ 3,

INJECTION OF' SOLID MATERIAL INTO MOLTEN METAL Filed April ll, 1963 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 l I' fa i..

INVENTOR. RICHARD K. MATUSCHKOVITZ %gg yu.

ATTORNEYS 1964 R. K. MATUSCHKOVITZ 3.157492 INJECTION OF' SOLID MATERIAL INTO MOLTEN METAL Filed April ll, 1963 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 RICHARD K. MATUSCHKOVITZ ATTORNEYS '1964 R. K. MATUSCHKOVITZ 3,

INJECTIN OF' SOLID MATERIAL INTO MOLTEN METAL Filed April 11, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 PRESSURE TIME FIG. 5

PRESSURE TIME INVENTOR. RICHARD K. MATUSCHKOVITZ yfl ATTORNEYS United States Patent O &152492 INEECTION OF SGLD MATERAL EMT@ hL'IEN METAL Richard K. 'i iauschlovitz, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Chenietron Corporation, Chicago, lil a cc'poration of Delaware Filed Apr. ti, 1963, Ser. N 272595 9 Clahns. (Cl. 75-51) This invention relates to a method and system for injection solid, particulate material into molten metal below the surface thereof, particularly for rening, purifying, alloying and generally treatng said molten metal. More particularly, this invention relates to the method of refining iron by injecting intermittently solid materials in a stream of gas below the surface of the molten metal in a furnace. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of desulfurizing iron by the intermittent injection of calcium carbide in a gas stream below the surface of molten iron in a cupola furnace.

Shaft furnaces, such as cupolas, have been used for the production of cast iron by melting pig iron, scrap iron and steel with fluxing materials, the heat being supplied by the combustion of coke with air blown into the cupola through tuyeres. In ordinary practice the cupola is first filled With coke to some distance above the tuyere level and this coke is ignited and burnt in. When the coke is white hot, charging begins and the melting operation is started. Layers of linestone and pig iron and scrap iron and steel are placed above the coke bed with alternative layers of coke to replace the coke which burns out during the operation. As the iron charge descends in the cupola, the metal becomes soft and finally melts in the melting zone which is the hottest zone, immediately above the tuyere level. Liquid supe heated iron ows around the coke pieces in the coke bed and is collected in the well of the cupola from where it is tapped through the tap hole.

The Carter Patent No. 2,643,l85 discloses that the addition of a relatively small amount of calcium carbide to the cupola charge is eective in reducing the sulfur content of the iron. The Tirnmerbeil et al. Patent No. 2,865,735 discloses an improvement whereby calcium carbide, the melting point of which is lower than 1800 C., is introduced into the cupola as part of the charge. These techniques have produced substantial improvements in the desulfurization of 'iron but they have certain inherent disadvantages, one of which is that the procedure is not effective until several charges have been passed through the cupola. Furthermore, the calcium ca'bide reacts With the iron in the melting zone of the cupola and part of the calcium carbide is oxdized and creates heat which increases the melting zone temperature, which results in a higher carbon pickup and higher melting rate.

In addition, the contact between the molten metal (iron) and the solid material (calcium carbide) in the melting zone and above is inelficient with the result that the molten metal is not efiiciently refined (desulfurized) Although methods and systems have been devised for injecting solids beneath the surface of molten metals, such pror procedures have had substantial disadvantages. For nstance, if the solids are injected by a continuous gas stream it has been found that the solids tend to accumulate in the inejection tube and eventually plug it. If

the pressure of the gas is great enough to prevent plugging, the amount of gas required is substantial and ii the gas 'contains oxygen (eg, air) there is excessive oxidation of the molten metal. These problems have been avoided by the present invention which requires a minimal amount of gas and yet injects the solids at high pressure. If air is used as the high pressure gas, oxidation is minirnized by using very short high pressure blasts of air to Convey the solids into the melt at high velocity. Oxidation can be I into the injection* device shown in FlGURE 3 and,

EGURES 5 and 6 are graphs illustrating the pressure 3,l57,492 Patenta& Nov. 17, 1954 practically eliminated by using a low pressure stream of nitrogen or other non-oxidizng gas (e.g., argon or carbon dioxide) with Very short high pressure blasts of air. In this combination the inert gas improves the metal by flushing included oxygen and hydrogen therefrom.

It is the object of this invention to provide an efiicient method and system for injecting solid particulate materials into molten metal. It is another object of this invention to provide an improved method for refining molten iron. It is a further object to provide an improved method for desulurizing iron with solid desulfurizing agents. Another object is to provide a method for refining molten metal in the well of a furnace. These and other objects are apparent from andare achieved in accordance with the following disclosure takenin conjnnction with the attached drawings.

In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that molten metals can be efi'lciently treatecl with solid particulate reagents by intermittent injection of such solid reagents in granular or powdered form in a stream of gas beneath the surface of the molten metal in the well of a furnace such as a cupola furnace. The solid particulate materials are introduced on an intermittent basis With short injection periods, generally of a few seconds or less in duration, with periods between the injection periods occupyng a span of time several times that of the injection periods. This method is highly effective in injecting calcium carbide and similar refining materials into molten iron to eifect desulfurization of the molten iron. It can also be used for the injection of other solid reagents such as deoxidizers, degassifiers, alloying materials, fluxes and carbonaceous materials into molten metals, including lime, coke breeze, magnesia, silica, powdered coal, powdered coke, magnesinm, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, silicon-chromium silicon, ferrochromiurn, ferromaganese, silicon-chromium' alloys, silieon-magnesium-Zirconinm alloys, aluminum-chrorninum alloys, aluminum-silicon alloys, aluminum magnesium alloys and other desrable materials such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides and carbonates. The solids so injected are dispersed eciently throughout the molten metal in the furnace well. The reaction between the solid injected material and the molten metal proceeds rapidly and eiciently to achieve the desired results, such as desuliurization with calicum carbide or magnesium, deoxidation with deoxidizing alloys or coke, or the production of nodular iron with magnesum or other elements, as well as the formulation of high quality iron; or steel alloys. The procedure can be applied to continuously or intermittently tapped furnaces so that the entire melt is etficiently treated.

The invention can perhaps be best understood by reference to the attached drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 represents a cross section-al view of an intermittently tapped cupola furnace provided with injection tubes for use in the operation or" this invention;

IGURE 2' represents in cross section a suitable injection tube located in the refractory lining of a cupolaun nace below the surface of the molten-metal in the well thereof;

FIGURE 4 represents a cross sectional View of a teeth-:r device for-feeding andmeasuring solid granula-,materials changes which occur in the chambera durin and after blasts 'of high pressure are admitted through quick-opening valve 92, FIGURE 5 illustrating the violent-'pressure drop without a surge tank or after-blow system and FG- chamber 51.

3 URE 6 illustrating the controlled pressure drop with the surge tank or after-blow system.

Turning to FIGURE l, a cupola furnace generally indicated by 1 is provided with supporting base 11 on legs 12. On the supporting base 11 is an upstanding cylindrical steel shell 13 which is lined with a refractory acid or basic lining 14. On 'the supporting base 11 is a sand bottom 15 which is inclined slightly toward the tap hole 16 from whichmolten iron is withdrawn over a refractory lip 17. As illustrated in FIGURE' 1, the tap hole 16 is plugged with a clay plug 18. The cupola is provided with tuyeres 20 connected to piping 21 leading to the annular tuyere box or windbox 22 which surrounds the cupola. Near the top of the cupola is a bucket 23 suitably supported from a crane (not shown) by a wire rope 24. The charging bucket 23 is adapted to move into and out of the cupola by way of an opening in the cupola wall above the charging floor 25. Asshown in FIGURE l the cupola 10 has a pool of molten iron 26 in the cupola well below the tuyeres 20. The cupola is charged with coke 27 and scrap 'iron 28. The heat of which an inlet tube 57 passes. The upper surface of the combustion of the coke in the air blast provided by the tuyeres melts the iron scrap 28 and the molten iron descends the cupola to the molten iron pool 26. Near the bottom of the cupola above the sand bottom 15 there are one or more nlet ports 36 .through part of the refractory lining 14. An out er tube 35, preerably of iron or steel, is inserted through and welded to the steel shell 13. The inner injection tube 36 is disposed within the outer tube 35, as shownin FIGURE 2. i

FIGURE 2 illustrates in more detail the structure of the preferred injection tube; As illustrated, the tube comprises an outer cylindrical tube 35, preferably of steel, which is welded into the steel shell 13 of the cupola. Disposed coaxially of the steel tube 35 is a smaller iron or steel tube 36, preferably of /2 inch internal diameter. The tube 36 is joined to an iron or steel bushing 37, preferably by threads. To the bushing 37 is joined an iron or steel nipple 33, also by threads. The nipple 38 is threaded to fit a graphite tube 39 ,(preferably of /2 inch internal diameter) which is of a length such that the inner V end of the graphite tube is an inch or two inside the in- In this way the" graphite tube 39 is protected from the molten metal and terior wall of the refractory lining 14.

thereby disintegration thereof is prevented. During the lining of the cupola before operation the graphitc tube 39 is preferably plugged with a cylindrical plugoftapproximately the same diameter as the internal diameter of the graphite tube 39. Then the lining is applied to the inside of the cupola to the thickness desired and cement 41 is inserted in* tube 35 so as' to surround the graphite tube 39. After'this cement 41has set, the plug is removed from the tube 39 thereby forming the cylindrical opening 30 in the cupola wall. The arrangement shown in FIGURE 2 allows ready replacement of the graphite tube 39 andrip ple'33 in thetevent that the lining is eroded away so that the molten metal comes in contact therewith. Steel or 'graphite tubes could be used throughout, but the arrangement shown is moreeconomical. For instance, the steel tube'36 could extend almost to the inner wall of the i V cupola and members 37,38 and 39 couldbe dispensed withjbut replacement costs would be increased.

housing is connected by a flange 58 to the bottom flange 60 of a feed retainer 61 forming a feed retaining chamber 62. At the bottom of the chamber 62 is a valve 63 which is shown in closed position against a valve seat e 64. A valve stem 65 is actuated by a piston (not shown) r within the cylinder 66 and operated by compressed air. The upper part of the feed retainer 61 is in the form of a flange 67 to which is affixed the lower flange of a second feed retainer 7%) which forms a feed retaining chamber 71. The upper retainer 79 is also fitted with a valve 72 connected by a stern 74 to a pisten (not shown) located within a cylinder 75 and operated by compressed air.

The valve 72 is shown open, and when closed it seats' against valve seat 73. The upper end of the feed retainer 70 is joined by a flange 76 to the lower flange 77 of a feeder mechanism 78 which is operated by a motor 79 through a gear train (not shown) located in a gear box St). The upper end of the feeder 78 is connected by a fiange 82 to the lower flange 83 of' a feed hopper 84.

The upper end 65c of the valve stern 65 actuates a lever 85 on a control device 86. The control device 86 is so arranged that only when valve 63 isseated and closed,

the control device allows valve 72 to -be opened but not i otherwise. Thus, only one valve connected to the chamber 62 can be openat `one time, thus preventing blowby of gases through this chamber.

A high pressure gas stream (80-100 p.s.i.g.) is supplied to the system via a line 90 which is connected via line 91 to a quick-opening valve 92 actuated by a solenoid 93 operated by 'a control 94. The valve 92 is connected via a line 95 to an elbow 96 by means of a flange 97. The elbow 96 is connected to a T 98 which is connected by a nipple 99 to the housing 59 by means of threads; When the valve 92 is opened quickly, high pressure gas is admitted rapidly into chamber 51, opens the check valve 53, passes through chamber 51a and line 36 into the injection tube 39. Solid particulate material contained in chamber 51 is carried along with the stream of high pressure gas through the valve 53, chamber Sla, line 36, and injection valve 92 is open for a very short time /2 to 2 seconds) and then is quickly, closed. In ordinary, Operations, the rapid closing of valve 92 produces a very rapid drop in pressure in chambers 51 and 51a, as well as the injection tubes 36 and 39. This rapid drop in pressure causes molten metal to enter the port 30 and the injection tube 39 and to back up in the injection system, thereby causing blockage of the system and erosion 'of the inlet port 39 and Asshown in--FIGURE 3 .the outer end of the steel tube e 35 is connected to'a fiange 45 and the outer end of the'in- V nr tube36 is connected to a fiange 46, both of which are affixed to a' fiange 47 on the injection device 5t-52. The injection device shownin FIGURE 3 comprises a" metal housing 50 forming' .chambers 51 and Sla which tapef toward the injection tube 36. As shown in FIG- URE3, the housingSt) can be connected to a second houst ing 52, alth'ongh'the entire housing represented by SG, and 52 could bo one piece. A check valve 53 pivoted 'on a 'pin'54 separates chamber l fro'm chamber 511: and when closed prevents the passage of solid materials from the The unit 52'has acover plate 56 through the injection tube 39. This undesirable phenomenon can be avoided bygradually discontinuing the fiow of the stream of the high pressure gas into the stream of the low pressure gas to provide a gradual drop in pressure, ,preterably by means of an after-blow system described below. The after-blow system provides a supplemental source of highpressure gas to'the chamber 51a, thus preventing the: rapid drop in pressur'e which Would otherwise occur in e the chamber.

The high pressure gas blow system comprising a high pressure gas line 101 lead! ing to a second quick-opening valve 102 actuated by a solenoid 103 and a controller 104. From the valve102, a-line s connected to a line 107 which leads to the inlet tube57=in the cover 56 to the chamber 5111.' A pressure gauge 1133 is connected via a line 169 to the line 10 &

The after-blow system serves to provide high pressure gas to the chamber 5111 *just before the quickopening valve 92 closes, thus compensating for the pressure drop which' would otherwise occur when the high pressure gas is cut' off at the valve 92. The after-blow system operates by the controller 164 actuating the solenoid 103 to open the valve 102 just before the valvez'is closed. The;

valve 192 remains open only a very short period of time /2-2 seconds) sufficient to maintain pressu're in chamber Ela, then is closed before the valve 63 into the chamber' line 90 is connected to'an after-i i 51 is opened. After valve 92 is closed, the valve 102 is quickly closed so that it is open for only 2 or 3 seconds.

The after-blow system also includes the surge tank 106 connected by the line 107 to the inlet tube 57 leading into the chamber Sia. When the high pressure gas stream from the valve 92 is admitted to the chamber Sla through the valve 53, part of it passes through the line 107 into the surge tank 106, thereby raising the pressure in the surge tank to approximately that in the line 90. When the valve 92 is rapidly closed, the high pressure gas stored in the surge tank ll returns via the line lil? to the chamber Ela and the line 36, thus further dampening the rapid reduction of pressure in chambers 51 and 51a and preventng molten metal from being drawn into the port 30 and the injection tube 39.

FIGURES S and 6 are a pair of graphs representing the pressure changes in chamber 5la plotted against time. FIGURE 5 illustrates the rapid and marked pressure changes that occur without the dampenng effects of the surge tank 106 and/ or the high pressure gas stream in line 101 in combination with the quick-opening valve 1%2. When the valve 92 closes rapidly, the pressure in chamber Sin drops below that of the continuous low pressure gas stream from line 117, thus creating a reverse flow in lines 36 and 33 and tube 39 which draws molten metal into the port 3% andtube 39. FIGURE 6 iliustrates the dampening efiect of the surge tank 105 and/ or high pressure gas stream admitted to the line 107 by way of the quick-opening valve 162 from the line lili. It isseen that the pressure in the chamber 5161 falls only slightly below that of the continuous low pressure gas stream from line 117 and there is no tendency to create a vacuum or low pressure in that chamber and connecting lines 36 and 38 or injection tube 39.

The line 90 also leads to a quick-opening valve 111 connected to a line 112 which is joined to the line 195. The valve 111 can be manually controlled by a handle 113 or may be actuated by a solenoid control if desired. A low pressure (15-40 p.s.i.g.) gas line 115 is connected via a check valve 116 and a line 117 to the line 1495 and provides a steady flow of low pressure gas throughout the system. v

FIGURE 4 represents in cross section the feeding mechanism 78. A central horizontal shaft 129 has attached thereto Vanes 121, 122, 123, 124 and 125 connected by means of a hub 126. The shaft 129 rotates in a cloclrwise fashion and allows the granular solid material 127 contained in the hopper 34 to move downward through a threat 123 and into the sectors between the vanes (for example vanes 122 and 123). As the vanes move in a clockwise fashion, the granular material contained between them is dumped through a second threat 129, out of the bottom of the feeder 73 and into the chamber 71. By controlling the speed of rotation of the shaft 129 the amount of granular material fed into the chamber 71 in a given period of time can be controlled.

In the operation of this invention solid granular material in the hopper 84 passes via the feeder 78 at a controlled rate into the upper chamber 71 while the valve 72 is closed. By a timing system (not shown) valve 72 is opened when valve 63 is closed and the granular material in chamber 71 fiows downward into the chamber 62. The timing mechanism then closes the valve '72 and allows the valve 63 to open, thereby allowing the granular material to descend into the chamber 51 where it is retained by means of the closed check valve 53. The latter remains closed because of the constant pressure gas stream entering the system via a line 115. After the granular material has dropped into the chamber 51 the valve 63 is closed by the timing mechanism. The upward motion of the valve stern 65a activates the lever 85 and closes a switch in the controller 86, thereby allowing the timing mecham'sm to open valve 72 and repeat the cycle.

While the valve 63 is closed, the quick-'opening valve 92 is opened and a blast of high pressure gas from the line 9% is injected into the chamber 51 Via line 95, elbow 96, T 98 and nipple 99. The high pressure gas stream forces open the check valve 53 which is Suspended on the pivot 54 and blasts the granular material in chamber 51 through the tube 36, bushing 37, nipple 38, graphite tube 39 and the port 30, into the molten metal below the surface thereof in the cup'ola. The quick-opening valve 92 is opened for only a relatively short period of time (from a fraction of a second to perhaps one to three seconds). The interval between the blasts of high pressure gas through the valve 92 can be in the range of 5 to 100 seconds, during which time solid granular material from the feeder 78 is passed through the chambers 71 and 62 into the chamber 51 for re-injection.

The continuous low pressure gas fiow through line 115, valve l, line 117 and line keeps the check valve 53 closed at all times except when the high pressure blast oi gas is introduced via valve 92. This low pressure gas stream passes through the line 36 and the graphite tube 39 into the molten metal continuously, thereby naintaining the port 3% clear and unobstructed with solid granular material, molten metal or slag. In the event that there is an obstruction in the opening 39 or the graphite tube 39, the pressure gauge 103 will indicate a rise in pressure corresponding to the obstruction and thus Warn the operator thereof. If obstructions form in the opening 3@ or the graphite tube 39, they can be removed by means of the manually operated quick-opening valve lil. By opening this valve for a short period 'of time a high pressure jet of gas from the line S il passes through the valve 111 and the line 112 into the lines 105 and 107, thereby passing into the injection system via the opening 57 into the chamber Sia from which it passes into the line 36 to clear the injection system. The solenoid control valve 1%2 can also serve this purpose as part of the -timing mechanism. A

in operation a conventional timing mechansm (not shown) is so arranged that the valve 92 is open 'only when the valve 63 is closed so that the blast of high pressure gas passes out of the system via the line 36. While the valve 63 is closed the valve 72 is opened and allows granular material to drop into the chamber 62. After the valve 92 has been closed, the valve 63 is opened and allows granular material to fall into the chamber 51 and the cycle is then repeated by quickly opening the valve 92 and blasting the granular material out of the chamber 51 through the tube 36 into the molten metal beneath the surface thereof. While the blast is Operating through valve 92, valve 72 is opened allowing further granular material to drop into the chamber 62 for a repetition of the process. The sequence of Operations is as follows: Granular material is fed into chamber '71 by the feeder 78 which operates at controlled speed so as to measure out the calculated amount of solid material in a given period of time; upper valve 72 is opened to allow the solid material to drop into chamber 62; valve 72 is closed; lower valve 63 is opened to allow the material to drop into chamber 5l; valve 63 is closed; valve 92 is opened rapdly to allow a blast of high pressure gas into chamber 51, thereby forcing open valve 53 and forcing the solid material at high speed through the tubes 36, 37, 38 and 39 into the molten metal y by way of the port 39; after-blow valve 192 .is opened; valve 92 is closed; valve 102 closes; the constant gas stream entering by lines 115, 105 and 167 forces valve 53 closed and maintains pressure in tubes 36 and 39,

thereby purging molten metal therefrom. After a suitv able intermission of 5 to 100 seconds, the cycle is repeated. The entire cycle occupies 5 to 15 seconds ordinarily. The intermission is determined by the amount of material to be injected in a given melt period. i

The gas which is used in this system can be any ofthe readily available gases. Air is satistactory in both the line 99 and the line 115. In some instances, it may be the molten metal pool.

' invention.

lowed thereafter.

d' desirable to use nitrogen 'or other inert gas in line 115, although for economical purposes this air is preferred throughout. Oxygen can serve as the gas in situations where oxygen injection for oxidation of impurities in the molten metal is desired. The pressure in the continuous gas line 115 is in the range of 15-40 lbs. per square inch (gauge) and is regulated in relation to the static head within the cupola above the inlet port 30. The static head can, in intermittently tapped cupolas, be as much as 12 to 15 inch'es although ordinarily it is in the range of 4 to 6 inches. The valve arrangement 63 and 72 prevents the blowby of high pressure gas from the chamber 51 into the chambers 62 'or 71 so that all gas must leave the chamber 51 via the line 36 which leads into The size of the particulate material which can be injected into' the molten metal in accordance with this invention can vary from fine powder to granules up to A inch in diameter. *For instarce, ferrosilicon up to rice size can be efficiently injected. The pipes and tubes through which the granular material is passed can be of any internal diameter larger than the size of the granula r material. As' a practical matter, pipes and tubes of internal diameter not greater than /2 inch are preferred. Uniform diameter of the injection system is desirable in order to avoid pockets and depressions in whichsolid materials can collect. i

By means of the present invention the injection of solid materials into the molten metal occurs beneath the surface thereof so that there is a complete and efiicient V contact between the molten 'metal and the injected material. This complete contact provides for effective re "action and therefore desulfurization, deoxidation and alloy-formation'are much more efiiciently conducted than i "by procedures where'oy such materials are added above `the *surface of the molten pool.

'For' instan'ce, in the refining of grey iron 2 to lbs.

of calcium 'carbide may be injected per ton of iron, usually inthree or four blasts of about one second duration per ton. Iron can also be desulfurized with magnesium" pellets for the production of nodular iron in amounts of l-2'lbs. per ton, depending on sulfur con tent of the melt. Mixtures of granular calcium carbide and magnesium pellets can be injected to reduce the violence of the reaction With magnesium.

The invention is further disclosed by means of the following examples which are illustrative of the inventior. It will be evident that other 'molten metals and other solid materials can be 'used within the scope of this Example 1 'A No. 6 acid lined intermittently tapped cupola furnace (48-inch inside diameter) was charged with successive charges consistng of 800 lbs. of steel scrap, 150 lbs. of silferypig iron, 550 lbs. of remelt, 150 lbs. of coke and 1bs.'of lirnestone. Prior to charging, the coke bed' had been ignited in the normal way and the coke bed burned in. Normal cupola practice Was fol- The cupola Was equipped with one graphite inlet tube i (asshown in FIGUREZ) of /2-inch internal diameter.

Eutectic calcium jcarbide (a mixture of 14 mesh and rice size) was inje cted at the rate of 2,lbs. per minute. Iron (approximately 1500 lbs.) was tapped every 8 minutes. Thus'the total calcium carbide injected per ton of ironwas 16 lbs. V t

A continuous' air stream 'at 15-25 p.s.i.g. (275-500 cu. ft./hr.) was' maintained through the graphite tube and calcium carbide was injected with blasts of air at material into molten metal which comprises maintainng injection tube as described in Example 1.

Example 2 A 1700 lb. charge of scrap steel, pig iron and remelt was melted in a No. 6 acid-lined cupola equipped with an The melt was injected with 4 lbs. of ferrosilicon (75% silicon) in 4 blasts of about one second duration each. A continuous t air ,stream at 15-20 -p.s.i.g. (325-350 cu. ft./hr.) Was maintained and the ferroslicon was injected with air blasts (12-14 cu. ft.) at 80-90 p.s.i.g with about 12 seconds between blasts.

The iron so treated had improved structure as compared to untreated iron and the chill depth was reduce to the desired %3 inch from %i incht i e I claim:

1. Method of treating molten metal which comprises r intermittently injecting solid particulate material into said molten metal below the surface thereof in the Well of a furnace, the iniecton being conducted in a continuous gas stream of sufcient pressure to overcome the static pressure of the molten metal* and the `solid particulate material being blasted into said contnuous gas stream with a second intermttert gas stream of higher pressure, thereby causing said particulate material to 'pass at high speed'n said combined gas stream into said molten metal. i e

2. Method of intermittently injecting solid particulate well of a furnace, flowing a continuous stream' of gas through said tube and into said molten metal at a 'pressure sufiicient to overcome the pressure of the moltenmetal, passing said solid particulate material into said? gas stream with a short blast of high pressure gas and conducting said solid particulate material-by means of the combined gas stream into themolten metalbelow'the surface thereof. i i

3. Method of claim 2 wherein the metal is iron and the solid particulate material is finely divided calcium carbide.

4. Method of claim 2 wherein the metal is iron and the solid particulate material is magnesium pellets.

5. Method of claim 3 wherein the continuous gas stream is nitrogen and the high pressure gas is air at at gauge pressure approximately five times the gauge pressure of the continuous gas stream.

6. Method of claim 5 wherein the high pressure gas is capplied in blasts of one-half to three 'seconds in duratior with periods of five to fifty seconds between injections.

7. Method of treating molten metal withvsolid par:

metal in the well of a cupola, said continuous gas stream having a pressure sufficent to overcome the 'static head of the molten metal, injecting solid particulate material concurrently intorsaid continuous gas stream with a short intermittent blast' of high pressure gas, conducting said i solid particulate material by' means of the combined gas stream formed from said continuous gas stream and said intermittent blasts of high pressure gas through the injection tube into the molten metal', ;fiowing a stream of V high pressure gas 'concurrently into 'the stream oflow' i r e pressure gas before the short interrhittent blast of high; s

8. Method of treating metal in a furnace which comprises meltng metal in a furnace, owing a conruous gas stream into said molten metal through an injection tube exteudng through a wall of said turnace and having an outlet below the surface of the molter metal, said contiruous gas stream having a pressure suiciert to overcome the static head of the molten metal, injecting solid particulate material concurrently into said continuous gas stream with a short intermittent blast of high pressure gas, couductng said solid particuiate material by means of the combined gas stream formed from said coutinuous gas stream and said irtermitteut blasts of high pressure gas through the injecton tube into the molten metal, thereafter gradually discontinuing the flow of the stream of high pressure gas ro the stream of low pressure gas to prevent a too rapid drop in pressure, thereby ensuring that molten metal Will not enter the injection tube.

9. Method of treating metal in a furnace which comprises melting metal in a furnace, flushng the molten metal by flowrg a continuous inert gas stream into said molten metal through an injection tube extendng through a Wall of said furnace and having an outlet below the surface of the molten metal, said contnuous inert gas stream having a low pressure sucert to overcome the static head of the molten metal, njectng solid particulate material concurrently into said coutinuous gas stream with a short intermttent blast of high pressure gas, conducting said solid particulate material by means of the combined gas stream formed from said continuous inert gas stream and said intermittert blasts of high pressure gas through the injection tube into the moiter metal, thereater gradually discortiruing the flow of the stream of high pressure gas into the stream of low pressure gas.

No references cited. 

1. METHOD OF TREATING MOLTEN METAL WHICH COMPRISES INTERMITTENTLY INJECTING SOLID PARTICULATE MATERIAL INTO SAID MOLTEN METAL BELOW THE SURFACE THEREOF IN THE WELL OF A FURNACE, THE INJECTION BEING CONDUCTED IN A CONTINUOUS GAS STREAM OF SUFFICIENT PRESSURE TO OVERCOME THE STATIC PRESSURE OF THE MOLTEN METAL AND THE SOLID APRTICULATE MATERIAL BEING BLASTED INTO SAID CONTINUOUS GAS STREAM WITH A SECOND INTERMITTENT GAS STREAM OF HIGHER PRESSURE, THEREBY CAUSING SAID PARTICULATE MATERIAL TO PASS AT HIGH SPEED IN SAID COMBINED GAS STREAM INTO SAID MOLTEN METAL. 